Table Of Contents
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Key Highlights
- What Is the Ketogenic Diet and How Does It Affect Diabetes?
- Nutritional Ketosis vs Diabetic Ketoacidosis: Understanding the Critical Difference
- Benefits of the Keto Diet for Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes
- Risks and Safety Concerns of Keto Diet in Diabetic Patients
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Managing Diabetes Medications While on a Ketogenic Diet
- Practical Tips for Starting and Maintaining Keto with Diabetes
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Frequently Asked Questions About Keto and Diabetes
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Conclusion: Making an Informed Decision About Keto and Diabetes
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References
If you’re living with diabetes and considering a ketogenic diet, you’re probably wondering whether it’s safe to combine these two. The short answer? Yes, but it requires careful planning and medical supervision. The ketogenic diet has gained massive popularity for its potential to improve blood sugar control and reduce insulin requirements, but there’s a critical difference between the safe metabolic state of nutritional ketosis and the dangerous condition called diabetic ketoacidosis[3].
Understanding this distinction isn’t just important—it could be life-saving. While research shows that keto diets can help people with type 2 diabetes achieve remission and reduce medication needs, those with type 1 diabetes face unique challenges that demand close monitoring[2]. This guide breaks down everything you need to know about safely combining keto with diabetes management, backed by the latest clinical evidence.
Key Highlights
- Nutritional ketosis is safe and controlled (ketone levels 0.5-5 mmol/L), while diabetic ketoacidosis is a medical emergency with ketones exceeding 10 mmol/L and dangerously high blood sugar[3]
- Type 2 diabetes benefits are significant: Clinical trials show keto diets can reduce HbA1c by up to 1.3%, promote weight loss, and even achieve 50% remission rates in some studies[2]
- Type 1 diabetes requires extra caution: While keto may reduce blood sugar variability and insulin doses by 20-50%, hypoglycemia risk increases without proper monitoring[4]
- Insulin sensitivity improves dramatically on keto by lowering circulating insulin levels and reducing carbohydrate intake, stabilizing blood glucose throughout the day[1]
- Risks include hypoglycemia, lipid changes, and nutrient deficiencies—making medical supervision and continuous glucose monitoring essential for safe implementation[4]
- Long-term data is limited: Most studies last 6-12 months, so individualized guidance and regular health assessments are crucial for sustained success[2]
- Beyond glucose control, keto may reduce inflammation, improve metabolic markers, and support cardiovascular health when properly managed[1]
What Is the Ketogenic Diet and How Does It Affect Diabetes?
The ketogenic diet is a high-fat, moderate-protein, and very low-carbohydrate eating pattern that fundamentally shifts how your body produces energy. Instead of relying on glucose from carbohydrates, your body enters a metabolic state called nutritional ketosis, where it burns fat for fuel and produces molecules called ketones[1].
The Metabolic Shift: From Glucose to Ketones
When you drastically reduce carbohydrate intake—typically to less than 50 grams per day—your body’s glucose stores become depleted within about two weeks. This forces a metabolic adaptation where the liver begins converting fatty acids into ketone bodies (beta-hydroxybutyrate, acetoacetate, and acetone), which serve as an alternative fuel source for the brain and body[3].
For people with diabetes, this metabolic shift has profound implications. By minimizing carbohydrate intake, you’re directly reducing the primary nutrient that raises blood sugar. This means fewer glucose spikes, more stable blood sugar levels throughout the day, and potentially reduced insulin requirements[2].
Impact on Blood Sugar and Insulin Levels
The keto diet’s impact on blood glucose control is where its potential for diabetes management truly shines. Clinical studies consistently demonstrate that low-carb and ketogenic diets improve glycemic control by reducing both fasting glucose and HbA1c levels—the gold standard marker for long-term blood sugar management[1].
But here’s what makes keto particularly promising: it addresses insulin resistance at its core. By keeping carbohydrate intake minimal, your pancreas doesn’t need to produce as much insulin. Over time, this can improve insulin sensitivity, meaning your cells become more responsive to the insulin you do produce. Research shows that this improved insulin sensitivity can lead to significant reductions in medication needs, with some type 2 diabetics even achieving drug-free remission[2].
- Reduces post-meal blood sugar spikes by limiting carbohydrate intake
- Lowers fasting insulin levels, reducing insulin resistance over time
- Decreases glucose variability, leading to more predictable blood sugar patterns
- May reduce inflammation and oxidative stress associated with diabetes complications
Nutritional Ketosis vs Diabetic Ketoacidosis: Understanding the Critical Difference
This is the most important section of this entire article. Confusing nutritional ketosis with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) has led to widespread fear and misinformation about ketogenic diets for diabetics. Let’s set the record straight with clear, evidence-based explanations[3].
What Is Nutritional Ketosis?
Nutritional ketosis is a safe, controlled metabolic state where blood ketone levels range from 0.5 to 5.0 mmol/L. In this state, your body efficiently uses ketones as an alternative fuel source while maintaining normal blood pH and glucose levels. This is the natural result of following a well-formulated ketogenic diet and poses no danger to people with or without diabetes when properly monitored[3].
What Is Diabetic Ketoacidosis?
Diabetic ketoacidosis is a life-threatening medical emergency that occurs almost exclusively in people with type 1 diabetes (though it can rarely happen in severe type 2 cases). DKA develops when blood ketone levels exceed 10-25 mmol/L—five to ten times higher than nutritional ketosis—combined with extremely high blood glucose (typically above 250 mg/dL) and dangerous blood acidity (pH below 7.3)[3].
DKA happens when the body has insufficient insulin to allow glucose into cells. In desperation, the body breaks down fat at an uncontrolled rate, flooding the bloodstream with ketones and acids. This is fundamentally different from nutritional ketosis, where insulin levels are sufficient to regulate ketone production[4].
| Feature | Nutritional Ketosis | Diabetic Ketoacidosis |
|---|---|---|
| Ketone Levels | 0.5 - 5.0 mmol/L | 10 - 25+ mmol/L |
| Blood Glucose | Normal to low-normal (70-120 mg/dL) | Very high (>250 mg/dL) |
| Blood pH | Normal (7.35-7.45) | Acidic (<7.3) |
| Insulin Levels | Low but adequate | Severely deficient or absent |
| Safety | Safe and controlled | Medical emergency |
| Onset | Gradual (days to weeks) | Rapid (hours to days) |
Table 1: Nutritional Ketosis vs Diabetic Ketoacidosis Comparison
Signs and Symptoms to Monitor
While nutritional ketosis is safe, diabetics following a keto diet should stay vigilant for warning signs of ketoacidosis, especially during illness or periods of poor glucose control:
- Blood glucose persistently above 250 mg/dL despite insulin
- Fruity-smelling breath (from acetone)
- Severe nausea, vomiting, or abdominal pain
- Rapid, deep breathing (Kussmaul respirations)
- Confusion, extreme fatigue, or difficulty staying awake
Important Warning
Important Warning If you experience high blood sugar (>250 mg/dL) combined with moderate to large ketones on a urine test, contact your healthcare provider immediately. These could be early signs of diabetic ketoacidosis, especially in type 1 diabetes[4].
Benefits of the Keto Diet for Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes
The scientific evidence supporting ketogenic diets for diabetes management has grown substantially in recent years. Multiple randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses have demonstrated measurable benefits, though the magnitude of these benefits differs between type 1 and type 2 diabetes[1].
Evidence-Based Benefits for Type 2 Diabetes
For people with type 2 diabetes, the evidence is particularly compelling. Meta-analyses of clinical trials show that ketogenic diets can reduce HbA1c levels by up to 1.3% over 6-12 months—comparable to the effect of many diabetes medications[2]. But the benefits extend far beyond glucose control:
- Significant weight loss: Ketogenic diets promote weight loss, which independently improves insulin sensitivity
- Medication reduction: Up to 50% of participants in some trials achieved diabetes remission or significantly reduced their medication needs
- Improved insulin sensitivity: Lower insulin levels reduce insulin resistance, addressing the root cause of type 2 diabetes
- Better lipid profiles: Many people see increases in HDL cholesterol and reductions in triglycerides, though LDL responses vary
- Reduced inflammation: Lower levels of inflammatory markers like C-reactive protein
Perhaps most remarkably, one clinical trial reported a 50% remission rate of type 2 diabetes among participants following a ketogenic diet with proper support and monitoring[2]. This suggests that for many people with type 2 diabetes, keto isn’t just about management—it’s about potential reversal.
Benefits and Considerations for Type 1 Diabetes
The picture for type 1 diabetes is more nuanced. While the benefits can be significant, they come with increased complexity and risk. Research on low-carbohydrate and ketogenic diets in type 1 diabetes shows promising outcomes but requires careful medical supervision[4]:
- Reduced insulin requirements: Studies show insulin dose reductions of 20-50% are common when carb intake decreases
- Decreased glucose variability: Fewer carbs mean more predictable blood sugar patterns and less time spent in hyperglycemia
- Fewer hypoglycemic episodes: One study reported hypoglycemia episodes dropping from 2.9 to 0.5 per week on a low-carb diet
- Improved HbA1c: While results vary, many people with type 1 diabetes achieve better overall glucose control
However, type 1 diabetes adds unique challenges. Because the pancreas produces little to no insulin, there’s always a risk of ketoacidosis if insulin doses aren’t properly adjusted. Some individuals with type 1 diabetes have successfully followed ketogenic diets for years, but it requires meticulous monitoring, continuous glucose monitoring (CGM), regular ketone testing, and close collaboration with an experienced endocrinologist[4].
Psychological and Appetite Regulation Benefits
Beyond the metabolic benefits, many people following ketogenic diets report improved appetite control and reduced food cravings. This is partly due to the satiating effects of dietary fat and protein, as well as the stabilizing effect of steady blood sugar levels. For people struggling with diabetes-related weight gain or emotional eating triggered by blood sugar swings, these psychological benefits can be just as valuable as the physiological ones[1].
Risks and Safety Concerns of Keto Diet in Diabetic Patients
While the benefits of ketogenic diets for diabetes are real, so are the risks. Understanding these potential complications and how to mitigate them is essential for anyone considering this approach[4].
Hypoglycemia Risk in Type 1 Diabetes
The most immediate concern for people with type 1 diabetes is hypoglycemia (low blood sugar). When you drastically reduce carbohydrate intake while maintaining your previous insulin doses, blood sugar can drop dangerously low. This is why medication adjustments are absolutely critical before and during keto adaptation[4].
Hypoglycemia symptoms include shakiness, sweating, confusion, rapid heartbeat, and in severe cases, loss of consciousness or seizures. People with type 1 diabetes following keto diets need to monitor glucose levels more frequently—often 8-10 times daily during the initial transition—and have a clear protocol for treating lows without derailing ketosis.
Cardiovascular and Lipid Profile Concerns
One of the most debated aspects of ketogenic diets is their impact on cholesterol and cardiovascular health. Research shows mixed results: many people experience favorable changes like increased HDL cholesterol and decreased triglycerides. However, some individuals may see substantial increases in LDL cholesterol, especially in lean individuals[2].
For diabetics, who already face elevated cardiovascular risk, this deserves careful attention. Regular lipid panel monitoring (every 3-6 months) is essential, and if LDL cholesterol rises significantly, dietary modifications (emphasizing unsaturated fats over saturated fats) or transitioning to a moderate-carb approach may be necessary.
Nutritional Deficiencies and Growth Concerns
Ketogenic diets, especially when poorly planned, can lead to deficiencies in essential nutrients like fiber, B vitamins, vitamin C, magnesium, and potassium. For children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes, there are additional concerns about growth and development, though limited case reports suggest keto can be managed safely with careful supplementation and professional oversight[4].
- Fiber deficiency leading to constipation
- Electrolyte imbalances (sodium, potassium, magnesium)
- Micronutrient deficiencies without proper supplementation
- Potential kidney stress in people with pre-existing kidney disease
The Absolute Importance of Medical Supervision
Critical Safety Information
Critical Safety Information Never start a ketogenic diet for diabetes management without consulting your healthcare provider first. Medication adjustments are typically necessary within the first few days to prevent dangerous hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia. This is especially crucial for people taking insulin or sulfonylurea medications[4].
Successful keto implementation for diabetics requires a comprehensive support system: an endocrinologist or diabetes specialist, a registered dietitian familiar with ketogenic diets, and ideally access to continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) and blood ketone meters. This isn’t a diet you should attempt to figure out on your own through internet research and trial-and-error.
Managing Diabetes Medications While on a Ketogenic Diet
Medication management is perhaps the most critical—and most commonly overlooked—aspect of combining keto with diabetes treatment. Because ketogenic diets can dramatically lower blood sugar, continuing your pre-keto medication doses can quickly lead to dangerous hypoglycemia[4].
How Keto Affects Insulin Dosing and Medication Needs
When you reduce carbohydrate intake, your body requires less insulin to manage blood glucose. For people with type 2 diabetes taking oral medications or insulin, this often means doses need to be reduced by 30-50% or more. For those with type 1 diabetes, both basal (long-acting) and bolus (mealtime) insulin doses typically need significant adjustments[4].
The timeline for these adjustments varies. Some people need immediate reductions—within the first 1-3 days of starting keto—while others may need gradual adjustments over several weeks as they become fully keto-adapted. This is why close monitoring and frequent communication with your healthcare team are non-negotiable.
Guidelines for Safely Adjusting Medications
Your healthcare provider will develop an individualized medication adjustment plan, but here are general principles that guide safe transitions:
- Start monitoring early: Increase blood glucose testing frequency to 6-10 times daily during the first 2-4 weeks
- Reduce medications proactively: Many doctors recommend reducing insulin or sulfonylurea doses by 30-50% on day one to prevent immediate hypoglycemia
- Use pattern management: Track glucose patterns over 3-5 days before making additional adjustments
- Consider medication type: SGLT-2 inhibitors may increase ketoacidosis risk and often need to be discontinued; metformin is generally safe to continue
- Maintain emergency protocols: Always have fast-acting glucose available for treating lows
The Role of Continuous Glucose and Ketone Monitoring
Continuous glucose monitors (CGMs) have revolutionized diabetes management and are particularly valuable during keto adaptation. CGMs provide real-time glucose data, trend arrows showing whether glucose is rising or falling, and alerts for impending highs or lows. This information allows for more precise insulin dosing and helps identify patterns that would be impossible to catch with fingerstick testing alone[4].
Blood ketone meters (which measure beta-hydroxybutyrate) are also highly recommended, especially for people with type 1 diabetes. These devices confirm you’re in nutritional ketosis (0.5-5.0 mmol/L) and provide early warning if ketone levels climb toward dangerous territory. Testing ketones daily during the first month, then 2-3 times weekly after adaptation, offers peace of mind and safety.
| Medication Type | Typical Adjustment Needed | Safety Considerations |
|---|---|---|
| Insulin (Type 1 or Type 2) | 30-50% dose reduction initially, further adjustments as needed | High hypoglycemia risk; requires close monitoring |
| Sulfonylureas | Often reduced 50% or discontinued | Stimulates insulin release; hypoglycemia risk |
| Metformin | Usually continued without adjustment | Generally safe; may help with ketosis adaptation |
| SGLT-2 Inhibitors | Often discontinued | May increase ketoacidosis risk |
| GLP-1 Agonists | Usually continued; monitor for nausea | Generally safe; may enhance satiety |
Table 2: Diabetes Medication Adjustments on Ketogenic Diet
Practical Tips for Starting and Maintaining Keto with Diabetes
Theory is important, but practical implementation is where success happens. Here’s how to actually start and maintain a ketogenic diet safely with diabetes.
Gradual Carbohydrate Reduction and Monitoring Strategy
While some people jump straight into keto with immediate carb restriction to under 50g daily, a more gradual approach may be safer and more sustainable for diabetics. Consider this stepped protocol:
Work with your healthcare provider to gradually reduce carbohydrates at a pace appropriate for your medication needs and individual health status. The timeline and target carbohydrate levels should be personalized based on your blood glucose response, medication regimen, and tolerance.
Building a Balanced Keto Diet with Micronutrients
Not all keto diets are created equal. A well-formulated ketogenic diet for diabetics should emphasize nutrient density and variety:
- Quality fats: Prioritize olive oil, avocado, nuts, fatty fish, and grass-fed butter over processed seed oils
- Adequate protein: Include fish, poultry, eggs, and moderate amounts of red meat
- Non-starchy vegetables: Fill your plate with leafy greens, cruciferous vegetables, peppers, and mushrooms for fiber and micronutrients
- Electrolyte management: Supplement with sodium, potassium, and magnesium as recommended by your healthcare provider to prevent “keto flu”
- Hydration: Drink adequate water daily; keto has a mild diuretic effect
Avoiding Keto Flu and Managing Side Effects
The infamous “keto flu”—characterized by headaches, fatigue, irritability, and brain fog—affects many people during the first week of carb restriction. It’s not actually an illness but rather your body’s transition to fat metabolism combined with electrolyte depletion. Here’s how to minimize it:
- Increase sodium intake by drinking bone broth or adding salt to meals
- Take magnesium supplements before bed (helps with sleep and muscle cramps)
- Eat potassium-rich low-carb foods like avocados, spinach, and salmon
- Stay well-hydrated throughout the day
- Get adequate sleep (7-9 hours nightly) to support metabolic adaptation
Building Your Support System and Healthcare Team
Success with keto and diabetes isn’t a solo journey. Assemble a support team that includes:
- Endocrinologist or diabetes specialist: For medication management and overall medical oversight
- Registered dietitian: Preferably one experienced with ketogenic diets and diabetes
- Diabetes educator: For guidance on insulin adjustment algorithms and glucose pattern recognition
- Online communities: Connect with others managing diabetes with keto for practical tips and emotional support (but don’t rely on them for medical advice)
- Family support: Educate family members about your dietary changes, hypoglycemia protocols, and how they can help
Pro Tip
Pro Tip Keep a detailed log for the first month tracking carbs, glucose readings, ketone levels, medication doses, and how you feel. This data is invaluable for your healthcare team to make informed adjustments and helps you identify your personal patterns.
Frequently Asked Questions About Keto and Diabetes
Yes, people with diabetes can safely follow a ketogenic diet, but it requires careful medical supervision, especially during the initial transition. For type 2 diabetes, keto diets have shown significant benefits in improving blood sugar control, reducing medication needs, and promoting weight loss[2]. For type 1 diabetes, keto is more complex and carries risks of hypoglycemia and ketoacidosis if not properly managed with insulin adjustments. Always consult your healthcare provider before starting, and never make medication changes without professional guidance[4].
Nutritional ketosis is a safe, controlled metabolic state with blood ketone levels between 0.5-5.0 mmol/L and normal blood pH. It occurs naturally when following a ketogenic diet. Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a dangerous medical emergency with ketone levels exceeding 10-25 mmol/L, extremely high blood glucose (>250 mg/dL), and acidic blood pH (<7.3)[3]. DKA occurs when the body has insufficient insulin and breaks down fat uncontrollably. While nutritional ketosis is intentional and safe, DKA requires immediate medical treatment.
Ketogenic diets typically reduce insulin requirements by 20-50% in people with type 1 diabetes due to dramatically reduced carbohydrate intake[4]. Both basal (long-acting) and bolus (mealtime) insulin doses usually need significant downward adjustments to prevent hypoglycemia. These reductions often begin within the first 1-3 days of carb restriction and require close monitoring with frequent blood glucose checks (6-10 times daily initially). Continuous glucose monitoring is highly recommended, and all adjustments should be made under medical supervision.
Yes, research shows that ketogenic diets can help achieve type 2 diabetes remission in some individuals. One clinical trial reported a 50% remission rate among participants following a ketogenic diet with proper support[2]. Remission means achieving normal blood glucose levels (HbA1c <6.5%) without diabetes medications for at least three months. However, long-term maintenance is challenging, and many people require ongoing dietary adherence to maintain remission. The keto diet works by reducing insulin resistance, promoting weight loss, and stabilizing blood sugar levels.
The primary risks include hypoglycemia (especially with insulin or sulfonylurea medications), potential increases in LDL cholesterol in some individuals, nutrient deficiencies without proper planning, electrolyte imbalances, and—in type 1 diabetes—the rare but serious risk of ketoacidosis if insulin is inadequate[4]. Other concerns include the “keto flu” during adaptation, constipation from low fiber intake, and potential kidney stress in those with pre-existing kidney disease. Most risks can be mitigated through medical supervision, regular monitoring, proper supplementation, and a well-formulated diet plan.
Never adjust diabetes medications on your own—work closely with your healthcare provider to develop an individualized plan. Most doctors recommend proactively reducing insulin or sulfonylurea doses by 30-50% when starting keto to prevent immediate hypoglycemia[4]. Increase blood glucose monitoring to 6-10 times daily during the first few weeks. SGLT-2 inhibitors often need to be discontinued due to increased ketoacidosis risk, while metformin is generally safe to continue. Use continuous glucose monitoring if possible, and test blood ketones daily initially to ensure you’re in safe nutritional ketosis.
Limited research suggests that children with type 1 diabetes can follow ketogenic diets under close medical supervision, but concerns about growth, development, and nutritional adequacy require careful consideration[4]. Some case reports show positive outcomes in pediatric patients, including improved glycemic control and reduced hypoglycemia. However, this approach should only be attempted with a specialized healthcare team including a pediatric endocrinologist, registered dietitian, and diabetes educator. Regular growth monitoring, comprehensive supplementation, and frequent metabolic assessments are essential.
Yes, ketogenic diets have been shown to significantly improve insulin sensitivity by reducing circulating insulin levels and decreasing insulin resistance[1]. By minimizing carbohydrate intake, the body requires less insulin for glucose management, allowing cells to become more responsive to the insulin that is produced. This improved insulin sensitivity is one of the primary mechanisms by which keto diets benefit people with type 2 diabetes, often leading to reduced medication needs and better overall metabolic health. The effect is typically noticeable within 2-4 weeks of maintaining consistent ketosis.
Conclusion: Making an Informed Decision About Keto and Diabetes
So, can you be keto and diabetic? Absolutely—but the path requires knowledge, preparation, and professional guidance. The evidence is clear that ketogenic diets offer real benefits for many people with diabetes: improved blood sugar control, reduced medication needs, significant weight loss, and for some with type 2 diabetes, even remission. These aren’t just theoretical possibilities; they’re documented outcomes from rigorous clinical research[1][2].
However, success depends on understanding the critical distinction between nutritional ketosis and diabetic ketoacidosis, properly managing medications to prevent hypoglycemia, monitoring glucose and ketone levels consistently, and building a supportive healthcare team. For people with type 1 diabetes especially, the complexity and risks are higher, making medical supervision non-negotiable[4].
The ketogenic diet isn’t a magic solution, and it’s not right for everyone with diabetes. Long-term adherence can be challenging, and we still lack comprehensive data on safety beyond one to two years. But for motivated individuals willing to commit to careful monitoring and medical oversight, keto represents a powerful tool for improving diabetes management and potentially transforming metabolic health.
If you’re considering this approach, start by having an honest conversation with your endocrinologist or diabetes specialist. Come prepared with questions, be transparent about your ability to monitor closely, and work together to determine if keto aligns with your health goals, lifestyle, and medical situation. With the right support and commitment, combining keto with diabetes management can lead to remarkable improvements in both your numbers and your quality of life.
References
- Comprehensive review on ketogenic diets and metabolic effects including diabetes; key data on glycemic control, insulin resistance, inflammation, and weight loss. PMC. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11945412/
- Myths and facts about low-carb diets; addresses safety, efficacy, and misconceptions relevant to diabetic keto diet. PMC. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11944661/
- Clinical insights on keto diet effects in type 1 and type 2 diabetes; safety concerns and practical recommendations. PMC. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12161645/
- Narrative review on low-carb and ketogenic diets in type 1 diabetes; efficacy, safety, and pediatric concerns. PMC. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12195831/
- Ketogenic diet in neurological diseases including diabetes-related neurodegeneration; mechanisms and therapeutic potential. PMC. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11990313/
- General keto diet overview with pros and cons. UC Davis Health. https://health.ucdavis.edu/blog/good-food/what-is-the-keto-diet-and-can-it-be-beneficial-for-you/2025/05
Disclaimer:
The information provided on MD-Pilot is for educational and informational purposes only. It is not intended as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified healthcare provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition. Never disregard professional medical advice or delay in seeking it because of something you have read on this website.
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